Java chess engines by Eydun Lamhauge, CCC, July 10, 2004.Use of Java UCI/WB Chess Engines by Manfred Rosenboom, CCC, May 31, 2004.Java versus C Speed Comparison by Graham Laight, CCC, January 06, 2003.C++ Chess Programming Question by Sam Gross, CCC, May 15, 2001 ChessPartner Summer updates + Java chess by Lex Loep, CCC, July 11, 2000 » ChessPartner.Saboteur - A Java chess engine by Josh Levine, CCC, October 09, 1999 » Saboteur.bitboards in java? by vitor, CCC, April 06, 1999 » Bitboards.Java chess program? by Robert Epps, rgcc, May 28, 1997.Practical Artificial Intelligence Programming With Java. Objects First with Java: A Practical Introduction using BlueJ. Computer Graphics for Java Programmers, 2nd Edition, ISBN-13: 978-0-5, John Wiley Pearson Education, Addison-Wesley, » GUI An Introduction to Graphical User Interfaces with Java Swing. Extending the Java Language with Dynamic Classification.

Java Resources for Teaching Reinforcement Learning. Specifying Java Thread Semantics Using a Uniform Memory Model.

Yue Yang, Ganesh Gopalakrishnan, Gary Lindstrom ( 2002).

Patrick Winston, Sundar Narasimhan ( 2001).

Ein spielerischer Einstieg in die Programmierung mit Java.

Raimond Reichert, Jürg Nievergelt, Werner Hartmann ( 2000).

Program Development in Java Abstraction, Specification, and Object-oriented Design. Concurrency: Practice and Experience, Vol. C to Java: Converting Pointers into References. Java Security - Hostile Applets, Holes & Antidotes. But this is mostly not regarded as a real problem for chess developers.

The Java garbage collector makes ram usage and the response time a little non-deterministic.

Thus one has to use unsigned right shift operator >.

Java has no unsigned long data type that is e.g.

And this can make trouble in some Chess GUIs. So a bat file has to be called to run the java vm.

The Java environment can not easily generate *.exe files that represent chess engines.

So in order to have the best engine performance, most developers tend to use C and C++ and not Java. Unfortunately it is about 2-10 times slower that pure C or C++. A look on benchmarks like the shootout shows that Java is fast.

It is one of the fastest vm languages available. But on the other hand Java is not that slow as most people expected. In fact Java wasn't designed to deliver fast graphics. Especially by game developers who needed fast graphics speed. Java was long time called a slow engine.Java is a good OO language with lots of modern features and tools like embedded databases ( db4o, hsqldb, H2, etc.) that might be useful for chess openings.

There are millions of free tools as IDEs ( Eclipse, NetBeans), TestTools, Profilers, CodeCoverage, Error- and Architecture Checkers, automatic BuildSystems, and so on. So the programmer doesn't need to care of memory allocation and freeing. The usage of a virtual machine makes Java chess programs able to run on any OS as Windows or Linux.

Java chess game github